Risperidone (Common Indian Brands: Risnia, Sizodon, Risperdal)

Introduction
Risperidone is an antipsychotic medication frequently prescribed to manage mental health conditions such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and irritability associated with autism. It belongs to a class of drugs called atypical antipsychotics. Risperidone works by affecting the activity of dopamine and serotonin in the brain, which helps to balance mood and reduce symptoms like hallucinations, delusions, and mood swings.

Purpose of the Medication
Used to Treat:

Schizophrenia
Bipolar Mania (alone or with mood stabilizers)
Irritability associated with Autism Spectrum Disorder
How It Works:

Blocks dopamine D2 and serotonin 5-HT2A receptors, helping to regulate mood, reduce psychotic symptoms, and improve emotional stability.
Key Information
How to Take It:

Common starting dose:
Adults: 1–2 mg per day (oral).
Children (autism-related irritability): 0.25–0.5 mg per day.
Maximum dose: Generally, 16 mg/day for schizophrenia; however, higher doses may increase side effects without additional benefit.
Forms: Available as oral tablets, orally disintegrating tablets, and long-acting injectables.
Take with or without food, as directed by your doctor.
Follow the prescribed schedule carefully and avoid doubling doses if one is missed.
Common Side Effects:

Weight gain
Sleepiness (sedation)
Dizziness
Dry mouth
Increased appetite
Serious Side Effects:

Severe restlessness or agitation (akathisia)
Muscle stiffness, shaking, or movement problems (extrapyramidal symptoms)
Symptoms of high blood sugar (e.g., frequent urination, excessive thirst)
Unexplained fever, muscle rigidity, or confusion (Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome)
Symptoms of high prolactin levels, such as irregular menstruation or breast discharge.
Precautions
Before Taking: Inform your doctor if you:

Have a history of heart problems, stroke, or seizures.
Have diabetes or a family history of diabetes.
Are pregnant, planning pregnancy, or breastfeeding.
Are taking any Ayurvedic, herbal, or homeopathic supplements.
While Taking:

Avoid alcohol, as it may worsen drowsiness or dizziness.
Use caution when driving or operating machinery until you know how risperidone affects you.
Monitor blood sugar levels if you have diabetes or are at risk for it.
Storage
Store in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight and moisture.
Keep out of reach of children and pets.
Missed Dose
Take it as soon as you remember unless it’s close to the next dose.
Do not take a double dose to make up for a missed one.
Interactions
Medicines to Avoid Without Doctor’s Advice:

Other antipsychotics or antidepressants.
Painkillers like ibuprofen or aspirin (risk of increased bleeding).
Herbal supplements like St. John’s Wort (risk of serotonin syndrome).
Medications that can prolong the QT interval, such as certain heart drugs.
Always inform your doctor about all other medications you’re taking.

Emergency Contact
Overdose Symptoms: Extreme drowsiness, fainting, irregular heartbeat, or seizures.

Contact the Poison Information Centre, AIIMS New Delhi, at 011-26589391 or visit the nearest emergency room immediately.
Additional Notes
Brands Available in India:

Risnia (Torrent): 1 mg, 2 mg, 4 mg, 6 mg tablets.

Sizodon (Sun Pharma): 0.5 mg, 1 mg, 2 mg, 4 mg tablets.

Risperdal (Janssen): 1 mg, 2 mg, 3 mg tablets; available in injectable form.

Effects may take 1–3 weeks to become noticeable.

Do not stop the medication abruptly without consulting your doctor to avoid withdrawal or relapse.

Regular follow-ups with your doctor are crucial for monitoring side effects and adjusting the dose.